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                                                      PRINTER'S NO. 1903

THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF PENNSYLVANIA


HOUSE BILL

No. 1523 Session of 2007


        INTRODUCED BY GERBER, KENNEY, BELFANTI, CARROLL, DONATUCCI,
           FAIRCHILD, FRANKEL, GALLOWAY, GEORGE, GINGRICH, JOSEPHS,
           KILLION, KORTZ, LEACH, LENTZ, LONGIETTI, MANDERINO, MANN,
           McCALL, MENSCH, MICOZZIE, R. MILLER, M. O'BRIEN, PALLONE,
           PASHINSKI, REICHLEY, SANTONI, SAYLOR, SURRA, WALKO, J. WHITE,
           YOUNGBLOOD, YUDICHAK, HARPER, MOYER AND FREEMAN,
           JUNE 13, 2007

        REFERRED TO COMMITTEE ON HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES,
           JUNE 13, 2007

                                     AN ACT

     1  Providing for liability for false claims, for treble damages,
     2     costs and civil penalties, for powers of the Attorney
     3     General, for qui tam actions and for adoption of legislative
     4     history of the Federal False Claims Act.

     5                         TABLE OF CONTENTS
     6  Chapter 1.  Preliminary Provisions
     7  Section 101.  Short title.
     8  Section 102.  Definitions.
     9  Chapter 3.  False Claims
    10  Section 301.  Acts subjecting persons to liability for treble
    11                 damages, costs and civil penalties; exceptions.
    12  Section 302.  Attorney General investigations and prosecutions;
    13                 powers of prosecuting authority; civil actions by
    14                 individuals as qui tam plaintiff and as private
    15                 citizen; jurisdiction of courts.
    16  Section 303.  Limitation of actions; prior activities;

     1                 burden of proof.
     2  Section 304.  Remedies under other laws; severability of
     3                 provisions; liberality of legislative
     4                 construction; adoption of legislative history.
     5  Section 305.  Regulations.
     6  Chapter 21.  Miscellaneous Provisions
     7  Section 2101.  Effective date.
     8     The General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
     9  hereby enacts as follows:
    10                             CHAPTER 1
    11                       PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS
    12  Section 101.  Short title.
    13     This act shall be known and may be cited as the False Claims
    14  Act.
    15  Section 102.  Definitions.
    16     The following words and phrases when used in this act shall
    17  have the meanings given to them in this section unless the
    18  context clearly indicates otherwise:
    19     "Claim."  Any request or demand for money, property or
    20  services made to any employee, officer or agent of the
    21  Commonwealth, or to any contractor, grantee or other recipient,
    22  whether under contract or not, if any portion of the money,
    23  property or services requested or demanded, issued from or was
    24  provided by the Commonwealth, hereinafter "Commonwealth funds,"
    25  or if the Commonwealth will reimburse such contractor, grantee
    26  or other recipient for any portion of the money or property
    27  which is requested or demanded.
    28     "Employer."  Any natural person, corporation, firm,
    29  association, organization, partnership, business, trust or
    30  Commonwealth-affiliated entity involved in a nongovernmental
    20070H1523B1903                  - 2 -     

     1  function, including State universities and State hospitals.
     2     "Knowing" and "knowingly."  Whenever a person, with respect
     3  to information, does any of the following:
     4         (1)  Has actual knowledge of the information.
     5         (2)  Acts in deliberate ignorance of the truth or falsity
     6     of the information.
     7         (3)  Acts in reckless disregard of the truth or falsity
     8     of the information. Proof of specific intent to defraud is
     9     not required.
    10     "Person."  Any natural person, corporation, firm,
    11  association, organization, partnership, business or trust.
    12                             CHAPTER 3
    13                            FALSE CLAIMS
    14  Section 301.  Acts subjecting persons to liability for treble
    15                 damages, costs and civil penalties; exceptions.
    16     (a)  Liability.--Any person who commits any of the following
    17  acts shall be liable to the Commonwealth for three times the
    18  amount of damages which the Commonwealth sustains because of the
    19  act of that person. A person who commits any of the following
    20  acts shall also be liable to the Commonwealth for the costs of a
    21  civil action brought to recover any of those penalties or
    22  damages and shall be liable to the Commonwealth for a civil
    23  penalty of not less than $5,000 and not more than $10,000 for
    24  each violation:
    25         (1)  Knowingly presents or causes to be presented to any
    26     employee, officer or agent of the Commonwealth or to any
    27     contractor, grantee or other recipient of Commonwealth funds,
    28     a false or fraudulent claim for payment or approval.
    29         (2)  Knowingly makes, uses or causes to be made or used,
    30     a false record or statement to get a false or fraudulent
    20070H1523B1903                  - 3 -     

     1     claim paid or approved.
     2         (3)  Conspires to defraud the Commonwealth by getting a
     3     false claim allowed or paid or conspires to defraud the
     4     Commonwealth by knowingly making, using or causing to be made
     5     or used, a false record or statement to conceal, avoid or
     6     decrease an obligation to pay or transmit money or property
     7     to the Commonwealth.
     8         (4)  Has possession, custody or control of public
     9     property or money used or to be used by the Commonwealth and
    10     knowingly delivers or causes to be delivered less property
    11     that the amount for which the person receives a certificate
    12     or receipt.
    13         (5)  Is authorized to make or deliver a document
    14     certifying receipt of property used or to be used by the
    15     Commonwealth and knowingly makes or delivers a receipt that
    16     falsely represents the property used or to be used.
    17         (6)  Knowingly buys or receives as a pledge of an
    18     obligation or debt, public property from any person who
    19     lawfully may not sell or pledge the property.
    20         (7)  Knowingly makes, uses or causes to be made or used,
    21     a false record or statement to conceal, avoid or decrease an
    22     obligation to pay or transmit money or property to the
    23     Commonwealth.
    24         (8)  Is a beneficiary of an inadvertent submission of a
    25     false claim to any employee, officer or agent of the
    26     Commonwealth or to any contractor, grantee or other recipient
    27     of Commonwealth funds, subsequently discovers the falsity of
    28     the claim and fails to disclose the false claim to the
    29     Commonwealth within a reasonable time after discovery of the
    30     false claim.
    20070H1523B1903                  - 4 -     

     1     (b)  Damages limitation.--Notwithstanding subsection (a), the
     2  court may assess not less than two times the amount of damages
     3  which the Commonwealth sustains because of the act of the person
     4  described in that subsection and no civil penalty if the court
     5  finds all of the following:
     6         (1)  The person committing the violation furnished
     7     officials of the Commonwealth who are responsible for
     8     investigating false claims violations with all information
     9     known to that person about the violation within 30 days after
    10     the date on which the person first obtained the information.
    11         (2)  The person fully cooperated with any investigation
    12     by the Commonwealth.
    13         (3)  At the time the person furnished the Commonwealth
    14     with information about the violation, no criminal
    15     prosecution, civil action or administrative action has
    16     commenced with respect to the violation, and the person did
    17     not have actual knowledge of the existence of an
    18     investigation into the violation.
    19     (c)  Exclusion.--This section does not apply to claims,
    20  records or statements made pursuant to the act of March 4, 1971
    21  (P.L.6, No.2), known as the Tax Reform Code of 1971.
    22  Section 302.  Attorney General investigations and prosecutions;
    23                 powers of prosecuting authority; civil actions by
    24                 individuals as qui tam plaintiff and as private
    25                 citizen; jurisdiction of courts.
    26     (a)  Responsibilities of the Attorney General.--The Attorney
    27  General diligently shall investigate a violation under section
    28  301. If the Attorney General finds that a person has violated or
    29  is violating section 301, the Attorney General may bring a civil
    30  action under this section against that person.
    20070H1523B1903                  - 5 -     

     1     (b)  Actions by private persons.--
     2         (1)  A person may bring a civil action for a violation of
     3     this act for the person and for the Commonwealth in the name
     4     of the Commonwealth. The person bringing the action shall be
     5     referred to as the qui tam plaintiff. Once filed, the action
     6     may be dismissed only with the written consent of the court,
     7     taking into account the best interest of the parties involved
     8     and the public purposes behind this chapter.
     9         (2)  A copy of the complaint and written disclosure of
    10     substantially all material evidence and information the
    11     person possesses shall be served on the Attorney General. The
    12     complaint shall also be filed in camera and shall remain
    13     under seal for at least 60 days and shall not be served on
    14     the defendant until the court so orders. The Commonwealth may
    15     elect to intervene and proceed with the action within 60 days
    16     after it receives both the complaint and the material
    17     evidence and the information.
    18         (3)  The Commonwealth may, for good cause shown, move the
    19     court for extensions of the time during which the complaint
    20     remains under seal under paragraph (2). Any such motions may
    21     be supported by affidavits or other submissions in camera.
    22     The defendant shall not be required to respond to any
    23     complaint filed under this section until after the complaint
    24     is unsealed and served upon the defendant pursuant to the
    25     Pennsylvania Rules of Civil Procedure.
    26         (4)  Before the expiration of the 60-day period or any
    27     extensions obtained under paragraph (3), the Commonwealth
    28     shall:
    29             (i)  proceed with the action, in which case the
    30         action shall be conducted by the Commonwealth; or
    20070H1523B1903                  - 6 -     

     1             (ii)  notify the court that it declines to take over
     2         the action, in which case the person bringing the action
     3         shall have the right to conduct the action.
     4         (5)  When a person brings a valid action under this
     5     subsection, no person other than the Commonwealth may
     6     intervene or bring a related action based on the facts
     7     underlying the pending action.
     8     (c)  Rights of the parties to qui tam actions.--
     9         (1)  If the Commonwealth proceeds with the action, it
    10     shall have the primary responsibility for prosecuting the
    11     action and shall not be bound by an act of the person
    12     bringing the action. Such person shall have the right to
    13     continue as a party to the action, subject to the limitations
    14     set forth in paragraph (2).
    15         (2)  (i)  The Commonwealth may seek to dismiss the action
    16         for good cause notwithstanding the objections of the qui
    17         tam plaintiff if the qui tam plaintiff has been notified
    18         by the Commonwealth of the filing of the motion and the
    19         court has provided the qui tam plaintiff with an
    20         opportunity to oppose the motion and present evidence at
    21         a hearing.
    22             (ii)  The Commonwealth may settle the action with the
    23         defendant notwithstanding the objections of the qui tam
    24         plaintiff if the court determines, after a hearing
    25         providing the qui tam plaintiff an opportunity to present
    26         evidence, that the proposed settlement is fair, adequate
    27         and reasonable under all of the circumstances.
    28             (iii)  Upon a showing by the Commonwealth that
    29         unrestricted participation during the course of the
    30         litigation by the person initiating the action would
    20070H1523B1903                  - 7 -     

     1         interfere with or unduly delay the Commonwealth's
     2         prosecution of the case or would be repetitious,
     3         irrelevant or for purposes of harassment, the court may,
     4         in its discretion, impose limitations on the person's
     5         participation, such as:
     6                 (A)  limiting the number of witnesses the person
     7             may call;
     8                 (B)  limiting the length of the testimony of such
     9             witnesses;
    10                 (C)  limiting the person's cross-examination of
    11             witnesses; or
    12                 (D)  otherwise limiting the participation by the
    13             person in the litigation.
    14             (iv)  Upon a showing by the defendant that
    15         unrestricted participation during the course of the
    16         litigation by the person initiating the action would be
    17         for purposes of harassment or would cause the defendant
    18         undue burden or unnecessary expense, the court may limit
    19         the participation by the person in the litigation.
    20         (3)  If the Commonwealth elects not to proceed with the
    21     action, the person who initiated the action shall have the
    22     right to conduct the action. If the Commonwealth so requests,
    23     it shall be served with copies of all pleadings filed in the
    24     action and shall be supplied with copies of all deposition
    25     transcripts at the Commonwealth's expense. When a person
    26     proceeds with the action, the court, without limiting the
    27     status and rights of the person initiating the action, may
    28     permit the Commonwealth to intervene at a later date upon a
    29     showing of good cause.
    30         (4)  Whether or not the Commonwealth proceeds with the
    20070H1523B1903                  - 8 -     

     1     action, upon a showing by the Commonwealth that certain
     2     actions of discovery by the person initiating the action
     3     would interfere with the Commonwealth's investigation or
     4     prosecution of a criminal or civil matter arising out of the
     5     same facts, the court may stay such discovery for a period of
     6     not more than 60 days. Such a showing shall be conducted in
     7     camera. The court may extend the 60-day period upon a further
     8     showing in camera that the Commonwealth has pursued the
     9     criminal or civil investigation or proceedings with
    10     reasonable diligence and any proposed discovery in the civil
    11     action will interfere with the ongoing criminal or civil
    12     investigations or proceedings.
    13         (5)  Notwithstanding subsection (b), the Commonwealth may
    14     elect to pursue its claim through any alternate remedy
    15     available to the Commonwealth, including any administrative
    16     proceeding to determine a civil money penalty. If any such
    17     alternate remedy is pursued in another proceeding, the person
    18     initiating the action shall have the same rights in such
    19     proceeding as the person would have had if the action had
    20     continued under this section. Any finding of fact or
    21     conclusion of law made in the other proceeding that has
    22     become final shall be conclusive on all parties to an action
    23     under this section. For purposes of the preceding sentence, a
    24     finding or conclusion is final if it has been finally
    25     determined on appeal to the appropriate court of the
    26     Commonwealth, if all time for filing such an appeal with
    27     respect to the finding or conclusion has expired or if the
    28     finding or conclusion is not subject to judicial review.
    29     (d)  Award to qui tam plaintiff.--
    30         (1)  If the Commonwealth proceeds with an action brought
    20070H1523B1903                  - 9 -     

     1     by a person under subsection (b), such person shall, subject
     2     to the second sentence of this paragraph, receive at least
     3     15% but not more than 25% of the proceeds of the action or
     4     settlement of the claim, which includes damages, civil
     5     penalties, payments for costs of compliance and any other
     6     economic benefit realized by the government as a result of
     7     the action, depending upon the extent to which either or both
     8     the person and his counsel substantially contributed to the
     9     prosecution of the action. Where the action is one which the
    10     court finds to be based primarily on disclosures of specific
    11     information, other than information provided by the person
    12     bringing the action, relating to allegations or transactions
    13     specifically in a criminal, civil or administrative hearing
    14     or in a legislative or administrative report, hearing, audit
    15     or investigation or from the news media, the court may award
    16     such sums as it considers appropriate but in no case more
    17     than 10% of the proceeds, taking into account the
    18     significance of the information and the role of the person
    19     bringing the action in advancing the case to litigation. Any
    20     payment to a person under the first or second sentence of
    21     this paragraph shall be made from the proceeds. Any such
    22     person shall also receive an amount for reasonable expenses
    23     which the appropriate Commonwealth court judge finds to have
    24     been necessarily incurred, plus reasonable attorney fees and
    25     costs. All such expenses, fees and costs shall be awarded
    26     against the defendant.
    27         (2)  If the Commonwealth does not proceed with an action
    28     under this section, the person bringing the action or
    29     settling the claim shall receive an amount which the court
    30     decides is reasonable for collecting the civil penalty and
    20070H1523B1903                 - 10 -     

     1     damages. The amount shall not be less than 25% and not more
     2     than 30% of the proceeds of the action or settlement and
     3     shall be paid out of the proceeds, which includes damages,
     4     civil penalties, payments for costs of compliance and any
     5     other economic benefit realized by the government as a result
     6     of the action. The person shall also receive an amount for
     7     reasonable expenses which the appropriate Commonwealth court
     8     judge finds to have been necessarily incurred, plus
     9     reasonable attorney fees and costs. All such expenses, fees
    10     and costs shall be awarded against the defendant.
    11         (3)  Whether or not the Commonwealth proceeds with the
    12     action, if the court finds that the action was brought by a
    13     person who planned and initiated the violation of section
    14     301(a) upon which the action was brought, then the court may,
    15     to the extent the court considers appropriate, reduce the
    16     share of the proceeds of the action which the person would
    17     otherwise receive under paragraph (1) or (2), taking into
    18     account the role of that person in advancing the case to
    19     litigation and any relevant circumstances pertaining to the
    20     violation. If the person bringing the action is convicted of
    21     criminal conduct arising from his or her role in the
    22     violation of section 301(a), that person shall be dismissed
    23     from the civil action and shall not receive any share of the
    24     proceeds of the action. Such dismissal shall not prejudice
    25     the right of the Commonwealth to continue the action.
    26         (4)  If the Commonwealth does not proceed with the action
    27     and the person bringing the action conducts the action, the
    28     court may award to the defendant its reasonable attorney fees
    29     and expenses if the defendant prevails in the action and the
    30     court finds that the claim of the person bringing the action
    20070H1523B1903                 - 11 -     

     1     was clearly frivolous, clearly vexatious or brought primarily
     2     for purposes of harassment.
     3     (e)  Certain actions barred.--
     4         (1)  No court shall have jurisdiction over an action
     5     brought under subsection (b) against a member of the
     6     legislative branch, a member of the judiciary or a senior
     7     executive branch official if the action is based on evidence
     8     or information known to the Commonwealth when the action was
     9     brought.
    10         (2)  In no event may a person bring an action under
    11     subsection (b) which is based upon allegations or
    12     transactions which are the subject of a civil suit or an
    13     administrative civil money penalty proceeding in which the
    14     Commonwealth is already a party.
    15         (3)  Upon motion of the Attorney General, the court may,
    16     in consideration of all the equities, dismiss a relator of
    17     the elements of the actionable false claims alleged in the
    18     qui tam complaint which have been publicly disclosed,
    19     specifically in the news media or in a publicly disseminated
    20     governmental report, at the time the complaint is filed.
    21     (f)  Commonwealth not liable for certain expenses.--The
    22  Commonwealth is not liable for expenses which a person incurs in
    23  bringing an action under this section.
    24     (g)  Private action for retaliation action.--Any employee who
    25  is discharged, demoted, suspended, threatened, harassed or in
    26  any other manner discriminated against in the terms and
    27  conditions of employment by his or her employer because of
    28  lawful acts done by the employee on behalf of the employee or
    29  others in furtherance of an action under this section, including
    30  investigation for, initiation of, testimony for or assistance in
    20070H1523B1903                 - 12 -     

     1  an action filed or to be filed under this section, shall be
     2  entitled to all relief necessary to make the employee whole.
     3  Such relief shall include reinstatement with the same seniority
     4  status such employee would have had but for the discrimination,
     5  two times the amount of back pay, interest on the back pay and
     6  compensation for any special damages sustained as a result of
     7  the discrimination, including litigation costs and reasonable
     8  attorney fees. An employee may bring an action in the
     9  appropriate court of this Commonwealth for the relief provided
    10  in this subsection.
    11     (h)  Civil investigative demand.--
    12         (1)  (i)  The Attorney General shall have the authority
    13         to issue civil investigative demands pursuant to
    14         paragraph (2).
    15             (ii)  Nothing contained in this subsection shall be
    16         construed to limit the regulatory or investigative
    17         authority of any department or agency of the Commonwealth
    18         whose functions might relate to persons, enterprises, or
    19         matters falling within the scope of this chapter.
    20         (2)  (i)  Whenever the Attorney General has reason to
    21         believe that any person or enterprise may be in
    22         possession, custody, or control of any documentary
    23         material relevant to an investigation under this chapter,
    24         the Attorney General may issue in writing, and cause to
    25         be served upon such person or enterprise, a civil
    26         investigative demand requiring the production of such
    27         material for examination.
    28             (ii)  Each such demand shall:
    29                 (A)  state the nature of the conduct constituting
    30             the alleged violation which is under investigation,
    20070H1523B1903                 - 13 -     

     1             the provision of law applicable thereto and the
     2             connection between the documentary material demanded
     3             and the conduct under investigation;
     4                 (B)  describe the class or classes of documentary
     5             material to be produced thereunder with such
     6             definiteness and certainty as to permit such material
     7             to be fairly identified;
     8                 (C)  state that the demand is returnable
     9             forthwith or prescribe a return date which will
    10             provide a reasonable period of time within which the
    11             material so demanded may be assembled and made
    12             available for inspection and copying or reproduction;
    13                 (D)  identify an investigator to whom such
    14             material shall be made available; and
    15                 (E)  contain the following statement printed
    16             conspicuously at the top of the demand: "You have the
    17             right to seek the assistance of any attorney and he
    18             may represent you in all phases of the investigation
    19             of which this civil investigative demand is a part."
    20             (iii)  No such demand shall:
    21                 (A)  contain any requirement which would be held
    22             to be unreasonable if contained in a subpoena duces
    23             tecum issued by any court in connection with a grand
    24             jury investigation of such alleged violation; or
    25                 (B)  require the production of any documentary
    26             evidence which would be privileged from disclosure if
    27             demanded by a subpoena duces tecum issued by any
    28             court in connection with a grand jury investigation
    29             of such alleged violation.
    30             (iv)  Service of any such demand or any petition
    20070H1523B1903                 - 14 -     

     1         filed under this paragraph shall be made in the manner
     2         prescribed by the Pennsylvania Rules of Civil Procedure
     3         for service of writs and complaints.
     4             (v)  A verified return by the individual serving any
     5         such demand or petition setting forth the manner of such
     6         service shall be prima facie proof of such service. In
     7         the case of service by registered or certified mail, such
     8         return shall be accompanied by the return post office
     9         receipt of delivery of such demand.
    10             (vi)  (A)  Any party upon whom any demand issued
    11             under this subsection has been duly served shall make
    12             such material available for inspection and copying or
    13             reproduction to the investigator designated therein
    14             at the principal place of business of such party, or
    15             at such other place as such investigator and such
    16             party thereafter may agree or as the court may direct
    17             pursuant to this paragraph, on the return date
    18             specified in such demand. Such party may upon
    19             agreement of the investigator substitute copies of
    20             all or any part of such material for the originals
    21             thereof.
    22                 (B)  The investigator to whom any documentary
    23             material is so delivered shall take physical
    24             possession thereof, and shall be responsible for the
    25             use made thereof and for its return pursuant to this
    26             paragraph. The investigator may cause the preparation
    27             of such copies of such documentary material as may be
    28             required for official use. While in the possession of
    29             the investigator, no material so produced shall be
    30             available for examination, without the consent of the
    20070H1523B1903                 - 15 -     

     1             party who produced such material, by any individual
     2             other than the Attorney General or investigator.
     3             Under such reasonable terms and conditions as the
     4             Attorney General shall prescribe, documentary
     5             material while in the possession of the investigator
     6             shall be available for examination by the party who
     7             produced such material or any duly authorized
     8             representatives of such party.
     9                 (C)  Upon completion of the investigation for
    10             which any documentary material was produced under
    11             this paragraph and any case or proceeding arising
    12             from such investigation, the investigator shall
    13             return to the party who produced such material all
    14             such material other than copies thereof made pursuant
    15             to this paragraph which have not passed into the
    16             control of any court or grand jury through
    17             introduction into the record of such case or
    18             proceeding.
    19                 (D)  When any documentary material has been
    20             produced by any party under this paragraph for use in
    21             any investigation, and no case or proceeding arising
    22             therefrom has been instituted within a reasonable
    23             time after completion of the examination and analysis
    24             of all evidence assembled in the course of such
    25             investigation, such party shall be entitled, upon
    26             written demand made upon the Attorney General, to the
    27             return of all documentary material, other than copies
    28             thereof made pursuant to this paragraph, so produced
    29             by such party.
    30             (vii)  Whenever any person or enterprise fails to
    20070H1523B1903                 - 16 -     

     1         comply with any civil investigative demand duly served
     2         upon him under this paragraph or whenever satisfactory
     3         copying or reproduction of any such material cannot be
     4         done and such party refuses to surrender such material,
     5         the Attorney General may file, in the court of common
     6         pleas for any county in which such party resides or
     7         transacts business, and serve upon such party a petition
     8         for an order of such court for the enforcement of this
     9         paragraph, except that if such person transacts business
    10         in more than one county such petition shall be filed in
    11         the county in which party maintains the party's principal
    12         place of business.
    13             (viii)  Within 20 days after the service of any such
    14         demand upon any person or enterprise, or at any time
    15         before the return date specified in the demand, whichever
    16         period is shorter, such party may file, in the court of
    17         common pleas of the county within which such party
    18         resides or transacts business, and serve upon the
    19         Attorney General a petition for an order of such court
    20         modifying or setting aside such demand. The time allowed
    21         for compliance with the demand in whole or in part as
    22         deemed proper and ordered by the court shall not run
    23         during the pendency of such petition in the court. Such
    24         petition shall specify each ground upon which the
    25         petitioner relies in seeking such relief, and may be
    26         based upon any failure of such demand to comply with the
    27         provisions of this paragraph or upon any constitutional
    28         or other legal right or privilege of such party.
    29             (ix)  At any time during which the Attorney General
    30         is in custody or control of any documentary material
    20070H1523B1903                 - 17 -     

     1         delivered by any party in compliance with any such
     2         demand, such party may file, in the court of common pleas
     3         of the county within which such documentary material was
     4         delivered, and serve upon the Attorney General a petition
     5         for an order of such court requiring the performance of
     6         any duty imposed by this paragraph.
     7             (x)  Whenever any petition is filed in any court of
     8         common pleas under this paragraph, such court shall have
     9         jurisdiction to hear and determine the matter so
    10         presented, and, after a hearing at which all parties are
    11         represented, to enter such order or orders as may be
    12         required to carry into effect the provisions of this
    13         paragraph.
    14         (3)  Whenever any individual refuses, on the basis of his
    15     privilege against self-incrimination, to comply with a civil
    16     investigative demand issued pursuant to paragraph (2), the
    17     Attorney General may invoke the provisions of 42 Pa.C.S. §
    18     5947 (relating to immunity of witnesses).
    19  Section 303.  Limitation of actions; prior activities; burden of
    20                 proof.
    21     (a)  Statute of limitations.--A civil action under section
    22  302 may not be brought more than ten years after the date on
    23  which the violation was committed.
    24     (b)  Burden of proof.--In any action brought under section
    25  302, the Commonwealth or the qui tam plaintiff shall be required
    26  to prove all essential elements of the cause of action,
    27  including damages, by a preponderance of the evidence.
    28     (c)  Estoppel.--Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a
    29  guilty verdict rendered in a criminal proceeding charging false
    30  statements or fraud, whether upon a verdict after trial or upon
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     1  a plea of guilty or nolo contendere, shall estop the defendant
     2  from denying the essential elements of the offense in any action
     3  which involves the same transaction as in the criminal
     4  proceeding and which is brought under section 302(a) or (b).
     5  Section 304.  Remedies under other laws; severability of
     6                 provisions; liberality of legislative
     7                 construction; adoption of legislative history.
     8     (a)  Remedies under other laws.--The provisions of this act
     9  are not exclusive and the remedies provided for in this act
    10  shall be in addition to any other remedies provided for in any
    11  other law or available under common law.
    12     (b)  Liberality of legislative construction and adoption of
    13  legislative history.--This chapter shall be liberally construed
    14  and applied to promote the public interest. This chapter also
    15  adopts the congressional intent behind the Federal False Claims
    16  Act, (Public Law 97-258, 31 U.S.C. §§ 3729-3733), including the
    17  legislative history underlying the 1986 amendments to the
    18  Federal False Claims Act.
    19  Section 305.  Regulations.
    20     (a)  General rule.--The Attorney General shall have the power
    21  and authority to promulgate rules and regulations which may be
    22  necessary to carry out the purposes set forth in this chapter.
    23     (b)  Guidelines.--In order to facilitate the speedy
    24  implementation of this chapter, the Attorney General shall have
    25  the power and authority to promulgate, adopt and use guidelines
    26  which shall be published in the Pennsylvania Bulletin. The
    27  guidelines shall not be subject to review under section 205 of
    28  the act of July 31, 1968 (P.L.769, No.240), referred to as the
    29  Commonwealth Documents Law; sections 204(b) and 301(10) of the
    30  act of October 15, 1980 (P.L.950, No.164), known as the
    20070H1523B1903                 - 19 -     

     1  Commonwealth Attorneys Act; or the act of June 25, 1982
     2  (P.L.633, No.181), known as the Regulatory Review Act. The
     3  guidelines shall be effective for a period of not more than two
     4  years from the effective date of this chapter. After the
     5  expiration of the two-year period, the guidelines shall be
     6  promulgated as regulations.
     7                             CHAPTER 21
     8                      MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS
     9  Section 2101.  Effective date.
    10     This act shall take effect in 60 days.














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